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' - - r - ! 1 : . CAIRO - : - r J UNI - ,. OLUME.IV. NEWBERN, N. C. SATURDAY, FEBUARY 9, 1822. ; !'. NUMBER 03: , i . ! - - n- . I'. . .. 4 . i ; ; - . 1 - . : . . . 1 . -" , - 1 7 ' AX PUBLISHED WEEKLY; BY PASTEUR WATSON, 3 per annum half in advance. MEDICAL. froin t!ie Baltimore American.. rr lke CUizeii of the United Stales. u.Jr, t ue J to me. in a letter re- "rn Or. (. V. .VarJ, of te iirtKro ii te iwte ol N (he orth- I- rii'ij, JwJ Utfflie Co"lHy Dec' 2jih . .. rii;it t:ie vaccine milter sent ihii liiitituuon, abojt tiie jw of ve n!er lut, Had a J.iler flr" ..ir udj.i tuose ie vaccinated tuni J hive been exacted ! 1 i veUe ' .,.liesavs, out of tilteen in wliose J! ciiiiii he used tills .natter, Had a crop , - :id I iive since hearJ fro.u r, .wr.is 111 larboro'tnat the disease wic:i Ha been lately introduced there u u'tf aatjral small pox." l I una t lt;r t'reiore to state .tlys iafjruiitioii puuiidy, a 1 have received i- rtituoJt oretendiiiff to account s'atisfac liiiy fr t'itf accident vn:ch has nappen- dy m t anxious desire is, that all co iceriud may be put as fully on their.: guirJamst the evil consequences ot tui occurrence, as the nature ol the case vrnl adaiit of. I Pne citizens of any part of orth-Lar- oii.u, wiM may be exposed to danger friMi this accident, are invited to address J the aselves directly to me, tinbuh tue J Pj,i- Jifice. and the means of Securing I th-.u ironi Hie small pox will be forvrar deJ 10 them immediately. i'e following facts and observations 1 hope, assist tnose wno are most cj-ieerned to investigate and arrive at cuuetusiuns on the subject of this njiice. But neither the person il abuse o iluberal execrations that hve been fcjed upon me althe osleuiiole instru- Of it of evil in this case, can answer any hi . purpose whatever. L ry fact mat i can ascertain, having a:iv scaring o.i tii uijcci, jmmII be fully and trely made known to all concerned. AiJ if i nave co.nantteJ any mistake ei ther from, ignorance orthrough careless ceo, 1 s.iall not ask any indulgence or viso to be spared from the rod of cor i;ctiou. I will only ad J, on this subject, thu il I should find it to be out of my pwrer to preserve the vaccine matter in a pare state, 1 will cease to f urnish that wa.ch I m?y have any reasxjiTto fear has ( be .ue adulterated. I have derived my n,i;!y of nutter, .for the last six weeks, from puces that are free from any epi demic disease ; and I consider it to be as perfect and genuine as any I have ever used. s To prevent the petty impositions which I have been heretofore subject to from th se who would willingly destroy !this Institution by every artifice, which pre jivTce, ignorance, or interest can suggest, and on account of which I have been so frequently obliged to address memorials to the national -and state legislatures, without receiving any proper or effectual assistance from them : I will noi here- aJter supply any citizen with the vaccine tntt?r who does not; first comply with ? established and fair regulation of this iistitutfon. . Subscribers to this Institu tion are entitled to a supply of the vac cine raattei and proper directions for its ce oo the terms offered to them. Ky steadily persevering in the practice ci accinalton for many years, we had completely banUhed the small pox from wis city, and many began to imagine we ould never again be visited by it. Our icied security, however, served to cre the same neglect of the kine pock, as w comaion in other places, until we had i;iy subjects fit to.be preyed upon 7 Jiie vari )lotis contagion and in this ta ttion we were found suddenly exposed j ?rcat dinger by the arrival of the Pal S Captain Otis, on the 14th August, 59 from Liverpool, with a few passen. C"s hiving among them the small pot. f following extract from our bills Qortility will serve to shew the prog hidi the disease has since made &eitht by small pox in Baltimore. li October, 2 ; in November, 2 ; Dei fraw, Ui week, 6 ; 2d week, H ; 3d ; lth week, 9 ; January, 1st G ; 2d week 16 47 deaths. j L;Jt,from the beginuihg of these m:s- 'L 'J!e3, the current opinions, not only of y of I first. I Hjple here, hut of mnov of nor ti -v.:-: . 7 J v'rSlCla.ns ',ave been much distracted j satisfactory to me, as to the nature of the j more rapid progress to maturity, vouId . cmain new and unexpected modihea- : disease produced by the vaccine matter, precede and prevent entirely the occpr n$t disease, which seem to have been which I se$t to Dr. Ward. I am inrlin-1 rence of small pox. In regard to theoc- ceu 'le along with these cala.ui- ed, to- tvcnti. Many persons wlio bad been formerly ! subjects Of the natural small pox, or who had been inoculatedtor.it, as welt as others wlio had been vaccinated with the, greatest care, have all alike again b'ecame sufTerers" from, this apparently newxonta- gion. The disease produced y it in persons who rnd b$en previbisly iyacci- r . . . . uated or inoculated, has invariably ap- neared in a- more militated form than when it has attacked those who had not ; vent this contagion adhering to my per used thesk precautions. It has. been ral- ; son, still it is possible that such atn acci led here, as well as in Kurope, where it : denfruiy have occured. has lately excited considerable attention, the viriqhvi Jtse-tte. It is not j easily .OlSIingUISIieU ' llOin llltr MUUI JJUX, tlHl rnr.ii mu jJinuc ucniiiic cjjiuciiin. III IIIV erh ip ii m iy b trulv entitled t thd place, it intermixes with the vaccine mat appellatiort of this conta-jious plague. . ter by a mtund and unavoidable process. Of th Me who In J been previously vac- and in a manner that nny possibly elude ciliated h$ie, snni'i have suflTereJ very se- the ut nost care and vigilance of any'perv verely froim the varioloid eruption;! hut I sn to prevent it. f have not perceived any g 1 1 re-istm on . 3. The same persons or subjects from this account to doubt the elficacy of vac- ! whom the vaccine-matter must be taken, cination as a sulHcient an 1. iuviljaole . (for it cannot be otherwise procured than ', remedy against the sun!I pox. ! ! There are some physicians of grnat eminence i' here, nevertheless, who st-m to haw lost their confidence entirrly in vaccination ; & a mm these I am sorry to enumerate my disti.ijuiNhed friends )rs. Oavide and rottery rrolesors .J iur- gery and j Anatomy and the theory and practice of .Medicine in the iTuiversity of Maryland . j The first mentioned of the.su professors has tiot only declared ihekineajocii to be ot no us.-i but he has ag-nn reco'pmen ded a;id is now practising ihe oi 1 inocu lation fir'the small pox. Di . Potter ac knowledges the prophylactic powers of vaccination, .but he is of opinion that we have nof yet attained any method of de termining, with certainty, whether "those who are vaccinated do really obtain secu rity thereby from the small pox. oi notj until they are -exposed to its contagion, by inoculatou or otherwise. i . Dr. Benjamin 'Ar-tterhouse, of Boston, the Jenner of Y.neric a,"' has ijiven it as ; his opinion, that not more than one in 1 4hirty-fiv of th- vaccine cruets will pro- . duce the enutne fci'tr p ck. upon which falolie burfdpendenre should be placed ' a nn pver-flurinT shield atrainst the .niall .. , ... pox But Jenner himself, the illustrious dis coverer of vaccination, has moie seriously defamed ihe kine . pock than any other author. I liave read on this subject. He states' that a single serious blotch up on the body, existing during the progress of the vaccine vesicle on the arms may occasion such irregularity and deviation from correctness, thrit vaccination,lunder such circumstances, cannot be depended on. Slight abrasions of the skin, behind the ears; and upon many other! parts where the cuticle is thin, he adds, will produce thp same effect." Now if any such difficulties and nice distinctions as these diil -really exist, we should certainly be obliged to abandon vaccination very soon, or the chief part of our population would, ere long, be founo to be-fii sub jects for the small pox. Cut it is more than fortunate for mankind that the effi cacy of the kine pock, as a preventive of the small pox, does not depend upon, the skill or opinion of any man, or set of men. Itjias come to Us from the Giver of every good gift, sufficiently perfect for the end that is to be accomplished by it, viz : to s'ecurf us FROM THE SMALL pox. Out if weiwould obtain this security with ou having to regret anyxceptionsjto the ge:Kral rule, it is essentially necessary that not only ia few individuals here and there should use the kine pock, but the people generally should subject themselves to vaccination at a seusouaoie Hge, tnu as universally as the nature of this remedy -II j .j f .i ! win aomif or, witnoui injury or incon venience to society. Whether the disease which hasj been introduced into the village of Tarboroi be really the true small pox or notj I am am not prepared to dt dare, ' witn any positive degree of certainty. . Ihejdtrec- tions which f sent with the Kiatter were, as is too frequei.tly the case, entirely neelected, If Dr. Ward had used the matter I sent him in proper time,v apd at tended to sending me the crusts which it produced,. 1 would have been able to have answered all his queries, and would like- wise have prevented all the mischief ! which I fear has happened. 1 do not state this to cast any blame on Dr. Ward, but to shew to others how necessary it is or them, if they would hold any inter- course with this institution, to attend to , he rules under which I have offered to correspoud with them. I can only state to the public, then, at this time, that the evidence whjch 1 have I received from Taiboro' is neither full nor I ho wever, to believe, that the small poX j contagion did really accompany the virus put up here, and ivas i transmitted to hkn by me. My reasons for supposing this . i j- y a - i r to oe trie taci, apan trom ur. vvara s statements, are these: 1 I have beyn unavoidably Hpngaged, irt attending to persoas disceased by the small pox here. I daily visit, handle, and administer anediclne to them; and although 1 have always taken every pre caution that I knew was necessary to pre 2. The gehuine kine pock is in itselft so nearly Hlhd M the smad pox, that j trom persons who are ut subjects tog, it,) j niav be the bearers of the genuine kine j pock and of the true suiull pox at the same time. 4. The' same identical kine pock vesi cle, under such circumstances as we are now unhappily involved in, thatjwill one 'day furnish the most pure and genuine vac Mne matter, is susceptible of a change in its natural properties, and within a few days afterwards, will, furnish a-d liferent matter, capable of generating the most destructive small pox. There are but few practitioners of vac cination who have any idea that in the selection of the vaccine matter they may be exposed to so much danger, from causes of this description j and no one has as yet pretended to account for them. As these causes of defection in the vac cine mattei, however, (and others will be1 hereafter enumerated) are of serious im port to the public, I have stated them plain ly, that all concerned may be put fully on their guard, not only against my own mistakes, but against the mistakes of others-who may possess even greater skill in this business than mvself. I do not state these difficulties to excite any foolish a larm about them, but I hope tiey wiU have the effect, at least to appease the outrageous wrath that has been so unrea sonably excited against me. But to conclude, if there is any person who can account.for the difficulties which have presented themselves, and the new combinations of disease which have taken place, and threaten to extend their influ ence so far around us, let him come for ward to lend his aid, and to settle thse differences ofjopinion which now distract the learned as-well as the unlearned on the subject of vaccination. He who can ac complish this task, will merit a reward from mankind eyn greater than he re- ceivea wtio tirst transferee! the V accine virus from the cow to the human species. JAMES SMITH, U. S. Agent of Vac. j Vaccine ' Tntti'tution, Baltimore, Jan 24, 1822. FROM TMfi RALEIGH STAR. We publish, this day, the Circular of Dr. Smith, the vaccine agent (at Balti more, in regard to the unfortunate intro duction of the small pox at Tarbbiough by matter received from him by . Dr. VVard for vaccine matter. We are really at a loss to say whether it be the4 intention of Dr. Smith, in this addressj to acknowledge and apologize for ah unhappy mistake, to which all men are liable, or to advocate and up ho!dvhis conduct jn this affair; a free from blame- pr censure;. He remarks, in one part of his circular, that he has derived his supply of matter, (vaccine,) for the last six weeksj from places that are free from any epidemic disease, and- that he considers it to be as genuine and perfect as any he has ever ued ; and, in a subsequent part, he remarks, " Jjami inclined, lMwever, to believe that" the small pox contagion did really , accom pany, the virus put up here,: and was uausnmieu io niui ir. warn; oy me, i and goes on to explain it by saying! that his frequent visits to patients labor ing under smallpox might have impreg nated his clothes or lingers with the mat ter of tliat disease, and this might have been communicated to the vaccine mat ter sent to Dr. Ward. This, to say the least of it, seems to be a farfetched explanation, and such ah' one as we can- not think probable. We are inclined to believe, from what we have seen , and heard, that even if the matter of the two diseases (small pox and cow pox) were mixed together, and used by innocula- tion, that the vaccine disease, oy its currence of any new disease, as mention-j ed by Dr. Smith under the term varioloid, ! we are entirely ignorant, "and should be glad to receive further information ; and - r i i c . n mere oe any iorms or mociificauons of vaccine disease, which would render it inefficacious in shielding the constitu- tion acainst the invasion of jsmall pot, we think it behoves all in possession of such information to make it public, for - j the beneht of mankind. Ave had entertained the flattering hope, that a mild and efficacious remedy had been descovered against one of the great est scourges of the human race; and if any man of common sense will compare the rare occurrence of small pox at the present day with its deluging destruction of whole cities before the discovery of the preventive powers of the vacruie disease, so lar from doubting its efficacy, he will have every reason to thank the Giver of all ood, that such a discovers has been elFfcCied through the agency of f)r. Jenner. Ve will only add, that we) think the present odcasioh higly demands full dis cussion and investigation of the merits of the vaccine disease, that the confidence hitherto reposed in it, if erroneous maj be withdrawn, and, if correct rhore lii rii ly riyitted uptui the minds of men. We do not hesitate to declare our en tire confidence in its preventive powers; and we -think a doubt on this.; subject comes very illy from Dr. Smith, when we know that, within the last year or two, he has had his agents travelling through tllA ITriWfll Vt'lt-. n f j't AnUcA. till n for the support of an institutioti, , highly in vyiiiiu kjiaica, iif ti'iirtl suustl ipiiuus i benehcial, it is irue, to the public,, but at the same time highly advantageous in a pecuniary point of view to himself; It is understood that a strong remon strance will soon be forwarded to the Pre sident of the United States aainst Drl Smith. Indeed, such is lire want of con- fidence against the Doctor, in! this part of the country, that, although the alarm through the country is very ci eat; yet several of our, most eminent phssicians, who are subscribers for the vaccine matter, and who have received it lately, have in stantly committed if to the flames. The voice of the public loudly calls for anoth er agent, in whom they may have confi dence. - We are sorry to learn that several, cau ses of &mall pox havp occurred in several counties adjoining Edgecombe. CONGRESS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. MONDAY, JAN, 21. The Speaker laid before theHouse the following letter from f the Secretary of the Treasury, viz : Treasury Department, 7, I9th January,!l822. y : SIR- I have the honor to transmit herewith, for the information of the House" of Representatives, an,estimate' of appro priations proposed for the service of the year J 822, amounting to $S.89 1,285 48. For the Civil List $ Srj3,6M3 42 For Miscellaneous Expences 46,375 60 For Foreign Intercourse 14S,000 For Military Department, in cluding pensions, arming militia, Indian Department and arrearages 5,1 65,896 19 Naval Establishment, includ- f", ing the Marine Corps 2,252,410 27 8,891,285 48 The funds from which the appropria tions for the year 1822 may be discharged, j are the following, viz : j lst. rhe sum of six hundred thousand . dollars, annually reserved by the act of 1 the 4th of August, 1790, out of the duties ; and customs, towards the exences f j government. ' 2d.s The surplus which may: remain, of the customs and arrearages of Internal duties and direct taxes, after iatisfyin? the sums for which they are pledged and appropriated. . i 3d. Any other unappropriatefl money u hirh maveftme into the Treasury during rne Vearl822. I 'have the h honor to be, veryj respect fully, sir, your obedient servantj WILLIAM II. CRAWFORD. The Hon. the Speaker of the House of Representative, , On motion of Mr. Sergeant, the House' resolved itself into a committee of the whole on the bill to establish an uniform system of Bankruptcy, Mr. Taylor in tbe chair. . , j . ! The first section of the bill being under i consideration .'.!. f Mr, Sergeant said, that the who.e of .1 I ,rl4 in far as it But nm. mercial, had adopied, with some modifi cation or other, a bankrupt law ; j and that whatever modification those nations had provided; two principal points were re- garded, z : security to the creditor and ' relief lo the debtor, lie did not mean to i This consideration was fortified by the faciy mat we iramers ot the Constitution of the United States, fureseting thedesti- nies of our country, made this special provision believing as they doubthss did j that such a provision would be found essential asj the commercial resources of the nation should be 'developed and r ex pand. In this country lher-seemed to be a peculiar necessity and proprieiv in adopting such a Jaw Commerce, so far frojn being disreputable, vfas considered as an honorable employnient. lt was useful, aiul favored by the goverment. -But the profession was exposed fo hazards There wer0 accidents and disasters w hidl human sapaciiy could not jfoiesee, and against which human prudence culd not guard. If theie was no redemption, therefore, by public law, the rm reliant might be 'deemed perpetually liablti to ruin, in its most extended sense. &oc are himself arid family only invofved m it. It may extend to all those t whom heii i indebted. , jWhoever has ofien seen mtr- caitile failures, knows that tin re is u'oit of blindness or infatuation that seems 10 aflect themi The insolvent is uiwilling to penetiate his situation, or io belive it as hopeless usit really is; at.id hriuv lie lingers with some chimeiical, unOeliued ' hope, till his affairs have become uoie : deeply involved, and his emboli am'i is 'utterly irretrievable, l ie is, peihnpv liie verv worst person that could be s letted to judge of his own affairs. He i led by the delusion to keep, up his cudit, as . long as he possibly can ; and jet, to luui is confided the uncontrolled power oi op posing of liis estate. lie mav waste n , de stroy it; or put it beyond the reach oi lm creditors ; and when he conies to tl.e final step of an assignment, he has then the power to nuke his .preference, and id provide for tln? circle of his frir-nds, while thisj distant creditor, perhaps equally meritorious is lejt without redress or hope of payment. . J . ' Some thenre are who say, lhat a dehtor ought never to be discharged, but with the assent oTall his creditors that .once a debt should bv always a. debt, utiles with the assent ,of the Creditor, n it were simply a question, iir. 'S.isald, be tween debtor and creditor, and no other person weriei concerned, this argument would eo a greater length than it now does But society has an. interest jn it, inasmuch as it is the interest of society that every man be able to maintain him self and his family, &c.(; Could ii be" possible that any one would seriously maintain, (hat under no Circumstance would it be competent or proper tot the? government to interfere between, creditor and debtor, and, when a certain state 'of . things shall have arrived to discharge the debtor? Eiverv advantage is f;iveh tri the creditor of arresting; the person and laying hands on the property of the drbt or. out wnen it nas oecorae evident tuaC the debtor hjai given up every thing in his power j . that in the condition ill which he is placed, he can neither beer- vicable to himself or to others, and may, in deed, be dangerous to society' whi.'st, in different circumstances, he might be a v al- uable member of the community, but would gentlemen, Mr. S. asked, contend that the creditor shoald have it in his p'owei to hold him in durance, &c. Sec. I o prevent , this was one ot the gieat objects of a pfo- per rystem j of bankruptcy. V hat can the bankrupt do. under these circumtan ces ? He is indebted to a large amount. lie' has no discharge no exetription. If he rises it is but to fail. If his friends7 assist their advances and Iris own ear nings are swept away, brfoie - he U able? to repair his fallen msfoi tones. .If he Htruggles to extricate hfnsellj ie inkJ hnder the loader and retiieg broken bear ted and folbrn, without even fhe comloits Of liope to sustain him. If this ahfrnanve of wretchedness is not experienced, there is another that inevitably follows, if pus-. sible, still mOrefto be dedored. ; 1 his is the 'covering of property uudei the n.ime of others. . Gentlemen from the eastward must often have seen on tbe stoie of merchants, signs w ith the name , of a merchant, and " A. B. aentl' JV agent h in reajty tbe principal, hile nu a e e. nrofessed nrlncioal has no real iuei t in' the concern' Cut we are told that MbU on will not be oj pressed, and that c.-'d-f itors mrif bene vofeuU . A' r." , w Kild .td- roit there was, as much, beiievu ence a mon& tij credxtocs in thh country a ahy DP urjwerstood that there were no specific differences among those laws.befween iLe." sever I nations. In respect to tlie admin-r istrationof those Jaws, the diifeienres were considerable4-bur, after all, tTie conclusion seemed to be fixed, and lliat by tne common consent of nation's, ,that, where there uas ; con merce, t iciea bankrupt law must be not only as a ne cessiiry, fut as a salutary measured- I. 1:1 I, ) : ' ' i ' . f
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
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Feb. 9, 1822, edition 1
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